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The ''New York'' class of battleship was a class of ships designed and constructed by the United States Navy between 1908 and 1914. The two ships of the class, and , each saw extensive service beginning in the occupation of Veracruz, World War I, and World War II. Designed as a more heavily armed improvement over the previous , the ''New York'' class was the first battleship to feature the 14"/45 caliber gun, but was one of the last battleship classes designed with several features, including a five-turret layout and coal for fuel. The class also suffered several deficiencies such as a lack of anti-aircraft weaponry and armor layout, which were addressed with the subsequent . Because of these deficiencies, both ships saw several extensive overhauls over the course of their careers which greatly changed their profiles. Both ''New York'' and ''Texas'' entered service in 1914 and immediately served in the occupation of Veracruz, and service reinforcing the Grand Fleet in the North Sea during World War I, during which time ''New York'' is believed to have sunk a U-boat in an accidental collision. Both ships undertook numerous training exercises and overhauls during the interwar era, and joined the Neutrality Patrol at the beginning of World War II. Outmoded by more advanced battleships in service, both ships served primarily as convoy escorts and naval artillery during the war. ''New York'' supported Operation Torch in North Africa, undertook convoy patrols and training in the Atlantic, and supported the Battle of Iwo Jima and the Battle of Okinawa. ''Texas'' supported Operation Torch, Operation Overlord, the bombardment of Cherbourg, Operation Dragoon and the battles at Iwo Jima and Okinawa. Following the war, ''New York'' was used as a target ship in Operation Crossroads and sunk as a target in 1948, while ''Texas'' was converted into a museum ship, and remains permanently moored in San Jacinto State Park today. ==Background== The ''New York'' class was the fifth of 11 separate classes built by the United States Navy between 1906 and 1919, a total of 29 battleships and 6 battlecruisers. Virtually the entire American battle line was being designed from pre-dreadnought experience and observation of foreign designs. The design of the ''New York''-class battleship originated in the 1908 Newport Conference, which resulted in a new method for battleship design, with the General Board taking a more active role in the design process of ships, and the navy's Board on Construction would implement the design instead of creating it. While the ''New York'' class was mostly designed by the Board on Construction, lessons learned on the class allowed the General Board to take the lead on the following s. The Newport Conference established a general consensus among leaders that U.S. Navy ships should carry larger batteries in response to the increasing caliber of battleships in other countries, notably the BL 13.5 inch Mk V naval gun which had been introduced by the Royal Navy's , as well as the German Navy's shift from to guns. There was debate at the time as to whether the s, laid down in 1909, should carry heavier armament than the 12"/45 caliber Mark 5 gun. Ultimately, on 30 March 1909, U.S. Congress approved the construction of two "Design 601" battleships, also known as Battleship 1910 with six 12-inch (305 mm) turrets, which the General Board had selected over two 14-inch (356 mm) designs in 1909. These would become the . At the same time, the General Board began planning for the next class of ships, and on 21 April 1909 decided on two battleships with similar sizes, and after some debate about main guns approval of two battleships was granted on 24 June in 1910. In 1911 the U.S. Senate's Naval Affairs Committee suggested reducing the size of the ships as part of a $24,000,000 budget reduction, but Secretary of the Navy George von Lengerke Meyer fought to keep the original design and the ships were not altered. The class is generally referred to as the ''New York'' class, but it is also occasionally called the ''Texas'' class because was completed several months after her sister, . 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「New York-class battleship」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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